The 15th chapter of Uttara Sthanam of Ashtanga Hridayam is named as Sarva Akshi Roga Vijnaniya. This chapter deals with the explanation of ‘Knowledge of diseases of the whole eye’.
The topics covered in this chapter include –
- Abhishyanda Vataja
- Adhimantha – Vataja
- Hatadhimantha Vataja
- Anyatovata
- Vataparyaya
- Abhishyanda – Pittaja
- Adhimantha – Pittaja
- Abhishyanda – Kaphaja
- Adhimantha – Kaphaja
- Abhishyanda – Raktaja
- Adhimantha – Raktaja
- Shushkaksipaka
- Sashopha
- Alpashopha
- Akshipakatyaya
- Amloshita
- Sixteen diseases of the eye
- Effect of Doshaja Adhimantha on vision
Pledge by the author(s)
अथात: सर्वाक्षिरोगविज्ञानीयं व्याख्यास्याम: ।
इति ह स्माहुरात्रेयादयो महर्षय: ।
Sarva akṣiroga vijñānīyaṃ vyākhyāsyāma: – After having offered prayers to the God, henceforth we are going to explain the chapter pertaining to the explanation of ‘Knowledge of diseases of the whole eye’.
iti ha smāhu: ātreyādayo maharṣaya: – Thus, say (pledge) Atreya and other sages.
Vataja Abhishyanda
वातेन नेत्रेऽभिष्यण्णे नासानाहोऽल्पशोफता ।
शङ्खाक्षिभ्रूललाटस्य तोदस्फुरणभेदनम् ॥ १ ॥ शुष्काल्पा दूषिका शीतमच्छं चाश्रु चला रुजः ।
निमेषोन्मेषणं कृच्छ्राज्जन्तूनामिव सर्पणम् ॥२॥ अक्ष्याध्मातमिवाभाति सूक्ष्मैः शल्यैरिवाचितम् ।
स्निग्धोष्णैश्चोपशमनं सोऽभिष्यन्द
By (increase of) Vata, the eye becomes moist, there is distension and slight swelling of the nose, pricking, pulsating and splitting pain in the temples, eyes, brows and forehead; the secretion of the eye is dry (non-sticky) and little in quantity, tears are cold, thin, unsteady pain in the eyes, difficulty in opening and closing the eyelids, feeling as if the insects are crawling in the eyes, feeling as though eyes are bloated (increased in size) and as though filled with minute foreign bodies, comfort is obtained by the use of unctuous and hot things. This disease is Abhishyanda.
Vataja Adhimantha
उपेक्षितः ॥ ३ ॥
अधिमन्थो भवेत्तत्र कर्णयोर्नदनं भ्रमः ।
अरण्येव च मथ्यन्ते ललाटाक्षिभ्रुवादयः ॥ ४ ॥
This (Abhishyanda) if neglected leads to Adhimantha; characterized by noise in the ears, giddiness and churning like pain in the forehead, eyes, brows etc.
Vataja Hatadhimantha
हताधिमन्थः सोऽपि स्यात्प्रमादात्तेन वेदनाः ।
अनेकरूपा जायन्ते व्रणो दृष्टौ च दृष्टिहा ॥५॥
This also if neglected, leads to Hatadhimantha, in which pain of different kinds develops, there are ulcers on the area of vision and loss of vision also.
Anyatovata
मन्याक्षिशङ्खतो वायुरन्यतो वा प्रवर्तयन् ।
व्यथां तीव्रामपैच्छिल्यरागशोफं विलोचनम् ॥६॥
सङ्कोचयति पर्यश्रु सोऽन्यतोवातसञ्ज्ञितः ।
Vata moving in wrong paths, from the neck, eyes and temples produces severe pain; absence of sliminess, redness and swelling of the eyes, constriction (decrease in size) and increase flow of tears; this is known as Anyatovata.
Vataparyaya
तद्वज्जिह्मं भवेन्नेत्रमूनं वा वातपर्यये ॥ ७ ॥
In Vataparyaya, symptoms are the same (as that of Anyatovata) and in addition, the eyes become curved (irregular) or deficient (in size).
Pittaja Abishyanda
दाहो धूमायनं शोफः श्यावता वर्त्मनो बहिः ।
अन्तःक्लेदोऽश्रु पीतोष्णं रागः पीताभदर्शनम् ॥८॥
क्षारोक्षितक्षताक्षित्वं पित्ताभिष्यन्दलक्षणम् ।
Burning sensation, feeling of hot fumes coming out, swelling, bluishness of the eyelids externally and moistness internally; tears are yellow and warm; redness, seeing all things as yellowish in color, appearance of ulcers as though the eye is smeared with caustic alkali are the features of Abhishyanda caused by Pitta.
Pittaja Adhimantha
ज्वलदङ्गारकीर्णाभं यकृत्पिण्डसमप्रभम् ॥ ९ ॥
अधिमन्थे भवेन्नेत्रं
In Adhimantha, the eyes appear as though covered with burnt- coal and resemble a piece of liver (in color).
Kaphaja Abhishyanda
स्यन्दे तु कफसम्भवे ।
जाड्यं शोफो महान् कण्डूर्निद्राऽन्नानभिनन्दनम् ॥१०॥
सान्द्रस्निग्धबहुश्वेतपिच्छावद्दूषिकाश्रुता
In Abhishyanda caused by Kapha, there is sluggishness, profound swelling, itching, sleepiness, and a dislike for food. The excretion from the eyes and tears are thick, unctuous, copious white and slimy.
Kaphaja Adhimantha
अधिमन्थे नतं कृष्णमुन्नतं शुक्लमण्डलम् ॥११॥
प्रसेको नासिकाध्मानं पांशुपूर्णमिवेक्षणम् ।
In Adhimantha caused by Kapha, the black portion (cornea) is depressed, while the white portion (sclera) is elevated, nasal catarrah, distension of the nose and feeling as though the eyes are full of sand.
Raktaja Abhishyanda
रक्ताश्रुराजीदूषीकारक्तमण्डलदर्शनम् ॥१२॥
रक्तस्यन्देन नयनं सपित्तस्यन्दलक्षणम् ।
In Abhishyanda caused by blood, the tears and excretion are red, there are red lines in the eye, the person sees red colored discs around the objects, and also the features of Abhishyanda of Pitta origin – are found.
Raktaja Adhimantha
मन्थेऽक्षि ताम्रपर्यन्तमुत्पाटनसमानरुक् ॥१३॥
रागेण बन्धूकनिभं ताम्यति स्पर्शनाक्षमम् ।
असृङ्निमग्नारिष्टाभं कृष्णमग्न्याभदर्शनम् ॥१४॥
In Adhimantha caused by blood, the eyes are coppery, severe pain as though when pulled out, resembles (the flower of) bandhuka, because of redness there is loss of vision, intolerance to touch, appears like (a fruit of) Azadirachta indica, immersed in blood; the person sees things as black or fire-like.
Raktaja Adhimantha
अधिमन्था यथास्वं च सर्वे स्यन्दाधिकव्यथाः ।
शङ्खदन्तकपोलेषु कपाले चातिरुक्कराः ॥ १५ ॥
Adhimantha, caused by Rakta, is also similar in features to Syanda, but has severe pain, producing pain of great intensity in the temples, teeth, cheeks and skull (head).
Shushka akshipaka
वातपित्तातुरं घर्षतोदभेदोपदेहवत् ।
रूक्षदारुणवर्त्माक्षि कृच्छ्रोन्मीलनिमीलनम् ॥१६॥ विकूणनविशुष्कत्वशीतेच्छाशूलपाकवत् ।
उक्तः शुष्कादिपाको यं
The patient is having the symptoms of Vata Pitta (increased together) in the eyes; friction, pricking pain, piercing pain, increased thickness, dryness, fearful appearance of the lids and the eye, difficulty in opening and closing of the lids, contraction, severe dryness, desire for cold comforts, pain and ulceration; this disease is said to be Shushkashipaka.
Sashopha
सशोफः स्यात्त्रिभिर्मलैः ॥१७॥
सरक्तैस्तत्र शोफोऽतिरुग्दाहष्ठीवनादिमान् ।
पक्वोदुम्बरसङ्काशं जायते शुक्लमण्डलम् ॥१८॥
अश्रूष्णशीतविशदपिच्छिलाच्छघनं मुहुः ।
Sashopha disease, is caused by all the three doshas (increased together) along with Rakta (blood) and its symptoms are swelling, severe pain and burning sensation (in the eyes), expectoration etc., the white portion (Sclera) assumes the appearance of a ripe fruit of Ficus racemosa, tears are hot, cold, is clear (thin), sticky, transparent or thick alternately.
Alpashopha
अल्पशोफेऽल्पशोफस्तु पाकोऽन्यैर्लक्षणैस्तथा॥१९॥
In the disease Alpashopha, there is mild swelling and other symptoms of Paka (the disease-Akshipakatyaya).
Akshipakatyaya
अक्षिपाकात्यये शोफः संरम्भः कलुषाश्रुता ।
कफोपदिग्धमसितं सितं प्रक्लेदरागवत् ॥२०॥
दाहो दर्शनसंरोधो वेदनाश्चानवस्थिताः ।
In the disease Akshipakatyaya, there is swelling, increased pain, turbidity of the tears, the white portion (sclera) is coated with Kapha, black, very moist and red; burning sensation, obstruction to vision and unsteady pain.
Amloshita
अन्नसारोऽम्लतां नीतः पित्तरक्तोल्बणैर्मलैः ॥२१॥ सिराभिर्नेत्रमारूढः करोति श्यावलोहितम् ।
सशोफदाहपाकाश्रु भृशं चाविलदर्शनम् ॥२२॥
अम्लोषितोऽयम्
The essence of food turns very sour by the doshas with the predominance of Pitta and Rakta (blood), brought to the eyes through the veins makes the eye bluish red, associated with slight swelling, burning sensation, ulceration, profuse flow of tears and dirty vision. This disease is Amloshita.
Sixteen diseases of the eye
इत्युक्त गदाः षोडश सर्वगाः ।
हताधिमन्थमेतेषु साक्षिपाकात्ययं त्यजेत् ॥२३॥
Thus, the sixteen diseases affecting the whole eye. Among these Hatadhimatha and Akshipakatyaya should be refused treatment.
Effect of Doshaja Adhimantha on vision
वातोद्भूतः पञ्चरात्रेण दृष्टिं सप्ताहेन श्लेष्मजातोऽधिमन्थः ।
रक्तोत्पन्नो हन्ति तद्वत्त्रिरात्रान् मिथ्याचारात्पैत्तिकः सद्य एव ॥ २४ ॥
Adhimantha, born from Vata destroys the vision in five days, that born from Kapha in seven days, that born from blood in three days and that born from Pitta, improperly treated, immediately.
इति श्री वैद्यपति सिंहगुप्तसूनु श्रीमद्वाग्भटविरचितायामष्टाङ्गहृदयसंहितायां षष्ठे उत्तरस्थाने सर्वाक्षिरोगविज्ञानीयो नाम पञ्चदशोऽध्याय: || १५ ||
Thus, ends the chapter Sarvaksiroga Vijnaniya- the fifteenth in Uttarasthana of Asthanga Hridaya Samhita composed by Srimad Vagbhata, son of Sri Vaidypati Simhagupta.
